Investigate



 * =1.What is coral bleaching? =

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Coral bleaching is the whitening of corals, due to stress-introduced explusion or death of symbiotic unicellular algae or due to the loss of pigmentation within the algae. ======


 = = = Many reefs have been affected by coral bleaching but there is one reef which has experienced more bleaching events than any other, this reef is called The Great Barrier Reef. In the years 1980, 1982, 1992, 1994, 1998, 2002 and 2006, TGBR experienced bleaching events.
 * =2.Which reefs have been affected by coral bleaching? =

Some reefs have also been affected by coral bleaching are in the Indian Ocean, The Maldires, Sri Lanka, Kenya, Tanzania, and Seychelles with up to 90% of coral cover lost.

In 1990, researchers in Hawaii predicted mass occurences of coral bleaching throughout Hawaii from viewing evidence from extensive research in 1970's.

Major coral bleaching events started happening from 1996-2002.

Mediterranean Sea's significant bleaching occured in 1996 followed by coral reef's world most extensive and severe bleaching ever recorded in history in 1998.Coral bleaching was reported in 60 countries and island nations such as the Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, Red sea, Persian Gulf, Mediterranean and Caribean sea.

__Bibliography:__ =http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coral_bleaching 1/9/09 9:14am http://www.global-greenhouse-warming.com/coral-bleaching 8/9/09 2:16pm
 * = 3.What types of corals are there? =


 * =4.What are the main types of corals that are bleached? =

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<span style="color: #503ee5; font-family: Georgia,serif;">The main types of coral being bleached is not specific. The type of of coral that is being bleached depends on where the bleaching is taking place and what corals are effected by the bleaching. ====== <span style="color: #503ee5; font-family: Georgia,serif;"><span style="color: #5e4ee4; font-family: Georgia,serif;">Corals and reefs die at a rapid rate over the years. Hundreds of homes for marine life are destroyed due to Coral disease (caused by bacteria, fungi, algae and worms), rising sea temperatures because of climate change, predators, nutrient pollution, destructive fishing practices and sediment run-off from coastal development can all destroy reef communities. Scientists discovered that nearly 600 square miles of reef have been dying each year, that’s twice the rate of rainforests loss. In the past 20 years or so, 80% of corals have been lost because of diseases, however, in the Great Barrier Reef, coral diseases are not considered a huge threat to the reef as there have only been 7 diseases from corals that have been recorded.
 * =<span style="color: #503ee5; font-family: Georgia,serif;">5.What is the average amount of corals dying each year due to coral bleaching? =

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=<span style="color: #503ee5; font-family: Georgia,serif;">Comprehension questions- = =<span style="color: #503ee5; font-family: Georgia,serif;"> = <span style="color: #503ee5; font-family: Georgia,serif;"><span style="color: #5e4ee4; font-family: Georgia,serif;">The process of coral bleaching involves pollution and gases submitting into the atmosphere, this makes the earth warmer from the sun, when the earth becomes warmer more ice starts to melt leaving sea levels to rise and earth temperatures warmer and warmer. When the sea levels rise and warm up it makes corals get extremely stressed, as a result of the heat, corals release zooxanthellae, which then leads to the coral changing to a white colour. After a while, corals start to die leaving helpless fish with no homes. =<span style="color: #503ee5; font-family: Georgia,serif;">What impact is coral bleaching having on the world? =
 * =<span style="color: #503ee5; font-family: Georgia,serif;">1.What does the process of coral bleaching involve? =

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<span style="color: #503ee5; font-family: Georgia,serif;">When ocean temperatures rise,the entire marine populations lose their ONLY shelter and food source.As a result of this, mobile species relocate and the entire marine populations are exposed to new competitiors, preditors,parasite and disease,while non-mobile species are left to die.Once again when sea levels rise, nursery habitats are flooded,and the entire marine population face extinction with NO place left to reproduce. ======

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=<span style="color: #503ee5; font-family: Georgia,serif;">What are the causes of coral bleaching? = =<span style="color: #503ee5; font-family: Georgia,serif;"> = =<span style="color: #503ee5; font-family: Georgia,serif;">Why are corals being bleached? = =<span style="color: #503ee5; font-family: Georgia,serif;"> = <span style="color: #503ee5; font-family: Georgia,serif;"><span style="color: #503ee5; font-family: Georgia,serif;">Corals are being bleached because of the pollution in the air caused by factories and cars which then leads on to warmer temperatures which is one of the many causes of coral bleaching. This process is a natural one and just occurs when there are warmer temperatures. As for the human caused process, humans colour the corals to brighten up the reef and attract tourists and show how beautiful the reef is. BIBLIOGRAPHY - Retrieved from the world wide web on 9 / 09 / 09. The website resource was - http://www.global-greenhouse-warming.com/coral-bleaching.html <span style="color: #5e4ee4; font-family: Georgia,serif;">

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<span style="color: #503ee5; font-family: Georgia,serif;"><span style="color: #503ee5; font-family: Georgia,serif;">= __Bibliography:__ <span style="color: #5e4ee4; font-family: Georgia,serif;"> 1.Spread the word.Remeber your own excitement at learning how important the plan 2.Don't pollute.NEVER put garbage or human waste in the water.Don't leave trash on the beach. 3.Report dumping or other illegal activities. Environmental enforcement cannot be everywhere, and your involvement can make a BIG difference! 4.Keep it clean.You may be in the habit of picking up your own trash.You may even participate in an organized cleanup.But have you considered carrying away the trash that others have left behind???
 * =<span style="color: #503ee5; font-family: Georgia,serif;">1.Sell effective ideasthat may reduce coral bleaching in the future? =

<span style="color: #5e4ee4; font-family: Georgia,serif;">5.Don't anchor on the reef.If you go boating near a coral reef, use mooring buoy systems when they are available.

6.If you dive, don't touch!!Take only pictures and leave on bubbles!!Keep your fins, gear,and hands AWAY from the coral,as this contact can hurt you and will damage the delicate coral animals.Stay off the bottom because stirred-up sediment can settle on coral and smother it. <span style="color: #5e4ee4; font-family: Georgia,serif;">7.Inform yourself.Find out about existing and proposed laws, programs, and project that could affect the world's coral reefs.

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=<span style="color: #503ee5; font-family: Georgia,serif;">Application questions- =
 * =<span style="color: #503ee5; font-family: Georgia,serif;">1.What impact does tourism have on the environment due to coral bleaching? =

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<span style="color: #503ee5; font-family: Georgia,serif;"><span style="color: #5e4ee4; font-family: Georgia,serif;">Tourism has many impacts on the environment due to coral bleaching. Some of these impacts are the transport, such as, Airplanes, cars, buses, etc. This submits gases into the atmosphere and is using fuel/petrol. When humans bleach/colour corals it is mainly because they want to attract tourists so they can get money, the bleach/colouring has obviously come from factories that produce the items. Factories submit a lot of smoke into the air. This all causes pollution, and tourism is a huge impact for the environment.

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=<span style="color: #503ee5; font-family: Georgia,serif;">Analysis questions- = =<span style="color: #503ee5; font-family: Georgia,serif;"> = <span style="color: #503ee5; font-family: Georgia,serif;"><span style="color: #503ee5; font-family: Georgia,serif;">The differences between the natural process and the human caused process is that the natural process can be caused by warmer temperatures, high sea levels, salinity changes and many other causes. Whereas the human caused process requires humans to actually colour the corals to attract tourists. BIBLIOGRAPHY - Retrieved from the world wide web on 9 / 09 / 09. The website resource was http://www.global-greenhouse-warming.com/coral-bleaching.html <span style="color: #5e4ee4; font-family: Georgia,serif;">
 * =<span style="color: #503ee5; font-family: Georgia,serif;">1.Distinguish the difference between the natural coral bleaching process and the human coral bleaching process? =

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=<span style="color: #503ee5; font-family: Georgia,serif;">Evaluation questions- =
 * =<span style="color: #503ee5; font-family: Georgia,serif;">1.Suggest a way to attract tourists with out using a coral bleaching process? =

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<span style="color: #503ee5; font-family: Georgia,serif;"><span style="color: #503ee5; font-family: Georgia,serif;">A way to attract tourists with out using a coral bleaching process could be to make an eco-friendly place that has trees, plants and flowers. These all surround a statue that symbolizes something about the environment. There could be a special eco-friendly day every year that is celebrated in that place. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">